Andrew Mercer
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util-linux is the package bundling most of the small, essential Linux-specific command-line tools: partition, filesystem, login, and process utilities that are not part of GNU coreutils. Source: kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux.

Tools from this package documented elsewhere on this site

Tool Page
logger logger
ionice ionice
rename rename
mount, umount, findmnt mount
fsck, wipefs, blockdev storage
dmesg referenced in xrdp troubleshooting and elsewhere
script, scriptreplay scriptreplay
lsblk, blkid referenced throughout storage

Others worth knowing, briefly

lscpu                          # CPU model, core/thread/socket counts, cache sizes
lsblk -f                       # block devices, filesystem types, UUIDs, mountpoints
hwclock --show                 # hardware clock; --systohc / --hctosys to sync with the system clock
setarch linux32 command        # run a command reporting a 32-bit uname (compatibility shims)
taskset -c 0,1 command         # pin a command to specific CPUs
nsenter --target <pid> --net -- ip a       # enter another process's namespaces (see network namespaces guide)
rev file                       # reverse each line, character by character
column -t file.tsv             # align columns (see the bash guide's CSV example)
whereis command                # binary, source, and man page locations for a command
flock /var/lock/myjob.lock command         # simple mutual-exclusion lock around a command, for cron jobs

flock is worth calling out for cron: wrapping a scheduled job in flock -n /var/lock/job.lock job.sh stops a slow run from overlapping with the next scheduled one.

Full list of included tools: dpkg -L util-linux | grep bin (Debian/Ubuntu) or rpm -ql util-linux | grep bin (RHEL family).