sudo dnf -y install iotop # or apt-get install iotop
sudo iotop -oPa
| Flag | Meaning |
|---|---|
-o |
only show processes actually doing I/O |
-P |
show processes, not individual threads |
-a |
accumulated I/O since iotop started, not a rate |
-b -n 3 |
batch mode, 3 iterations (for logging) |
Inside the UI, the left/right arrows change the sort column and q quits. The IO> column shows the share of time the process spent waiting on I/O.
If iotop is not available, pidstat -d 1 from sysstat gives per-process read/write rates. Device-level view: iostat.