Quantum computing is a subfield of computer science that focuses on the development of algorithms and computers that exploit the
principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. The fundamental concepts and tenets of quantum computing include:

Qubits¶

Unlike classical bits, which represent either a 0 or 1 state, qubits can exist in both states simultaneously, thanks to the
principle of superposition. This property enables quantum computers to process multiple possibilities at once, potentially solving complex
problems much faster than classical computers.

Entanglement a.k.a "spooky action at a distance"¶

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where the state of one qubit becomes dependent on the state of another, even if they
are far apart. This allows for instantaneous correlation between qubits, which can be utilized to perform certain computations more
efficiently.

Superposition¶

Superposition and entanglement together enable quantum parallelism, which allows quantum computers to handle multiple calculations
simultaneously, increasing their processing power exponentially compared to classical computers.

Quantum gates¶

These are the fundamental building blocks of quantum circuits, analogous to classical logic gates. They manipulate
qubits' states by applying unitary transformations, preserving the probability amplitudes in the system. Some common quantum gates include
the Hadamard gate, Pauli gates, and the CNOT (controlled NOT) gate.

Quantum error correction¶

Unlike classical computers, quantum computers are susceptible to errors caused by decoherence and other
quantum noise. To overcome this issue, quantum error correction codes have been developed to detect and correct errors while maintaining
the integrity of the computation.

Quantum algorithms¶

These are specific computational methods designed to exploit the principles of quantum computing to solve problems
more efficiently than classical algorithms. Some well-known quantum algorithms include Shor's algorithm for integer factorization,
Grover's algorithm for unstructured search, and quantum annealing for optimization problems.